Background
DONQ52 is a humanized monoclonal antibody with a multi-specific structure designed to prevent T cell activation by specifically binding to complexes formed by HLA-DQ2.5 and gluten peptides for the treatment of celiac disease (CeD). This biological proof-of-concept study (DQB103CT; ACTRN12624000316505) evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and biological effects of DONQ52 on gluten-induced immune responses.
Methods
DQB103CT evaluated biopsy-proven CeD patients with HLA-DQ2.5 in the absence of DQ2.2 or DQ8 (Part A), and with HLA-DQ2.2 or DQ8 in the presence or absence of HLA-DQ2.5 (Part B). Patients were administered a single dose of 2 mg/kg of DONQ52 or placebo subcutaneously, followed 8 days later by a 10 g/day wheat gluten challenge for 3 days.
Results
Part A and Part B enrolled 41 and 22 patients, respectively. DONQ52 demonstrated an intended exposure with no obvious effect of gluten challenge on PK. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 100% (32/32) of the DONQ52 group and 87.1% (27/31) of the placebo group. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported in 28.1% (9/32) of patients receiving DONQ52 and 54.8% (17/31) of patients receiving placebo. All ADRs in the DONQ52 group were Grade 1 in severity, whereas ADRs in the placebo group were Grade 1 or Grade 2. In Part A, DONQ52 reduced the baseline change in interferon-gamma spot-forming units versus placebo. DONQ52 also suppressed increases in circulating CD38+Tetramer+CD4+ T-cells and gut-homing CD8+ T-cells, and completely abolished IL-2 induction in whole blood assays. In Part B patients with HLA-DQ2.5 and DQ2.2, DONQ52 showed a suppressive tendency in gut-homing CD8+ T-cells and significantly suppressed ex-vivo IL-2 induction.
Conclusion
DONQ52 targeting complexes formed by HLA-DQ2.5 and gluten peptides has favorable safety, tolerability, and PK profiles during gluten exposure. The observed inhibition of gluten-induced T-cell activation aligns with non-clinical data, supporting further clinical development of DONQ52 for CeD.